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Tower cranes are able to have a maximum unsupported height of 80m or 265 feet. The tower crane's maximum lifting capacity is 16,642 kg or thirty nine thousand six hundred ninety lbs. with counter weights of 20 tons. Additionally, two limit switches are utilized to be able to ensure the driver does not overload the crane. There is even another safety feature called a load moment switch to ensure that the operator does not surpass the ton meter load rating. Lastly, the tower crane has a maximum reach of 230 feet or seventy meters.
Because of their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure would at first have to be brought to the construction site by utilizing a large tractor-trailer rig setup. Next, a mobile crane is used so as to assemble the machine portion of the crane and the jib. These parts are then attached to the mast. The mobile crane next adds counterweights. Crawler cranes and forklifts may be some of the other industrial machinery that is used to erect a crane.
Mast extensions are added to the crane when the building is erected. This is how the height of the crane can match the building's height. The crane crew uses what is called a climbing frame or a top climber which fits between the top of the mast and the slewing unit. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew so as to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit is able to detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are used to adjust the slewing unit up an extra 6.1m or twenty feet. Next, the operator of the crane utilizes the crane to insert and bolt into place one more mast section piece.
The meaning of a "loaded container" for the purpose of container handling and securing; is a container other than in the empty or tare condition. Containers should be treated as loaded, unless otherwise confirmed. In order to maintain safety, when handling or securing containers, environmental conditions like for instance wind need to be considered. The term loaded refers to the container's maximum gross weigh rating. In order to make certain that the centre of gravity is kept as central and low as possible, the cargo should be distributed all over the container.
In order to maintain safety, having an evenly distributed cargo is beneficial to prevent excessive tilting, and lack of vehicle stability. A load that is even helps to avoid unacceptable vehicle axle loading, and unacceptable load concentrations.
The eccentricity of the center of gravity varies, with the distribution of load in the container. It is very essential that the designers of handling equipment and containers take this into account during the engineering process. Like for instance, when 60% of the load by mass is distributed in fifty percent of the container length measured from one end of the machinery, the eccentricity corresponds to 5 percent.
Make certain that the container is free to be handled and care has to be taken to make sure it is safely attached to the container, so as to make certain that the machine utilized is perfect for the load. Specific attention needs to be paid to the risk of the container tilting due to the eccentricity of the center of gravity. When raising any container whose centre of gravity is eccentric or mobile, like a tank container, a bulk container or a container with a liquid bulk bag or a thermal container with a refrigerating unit, either clip on or integral, or any container with a hanging load, great care must be taken when lifting these.